Using Flywheels for Energy Storage

ASPES Engineering AG – Graphic comparisons of power, rotor speed, and energy. Bibliography includes English and German titles.
Beacon Power – Makes 2 and 6 kilowatt-hour flywheel (kinetic-electric) energy storage units.
FAQ: Kinetic Energy Storage – ASPES Engineering AG site with technical information and theory on flywheels and design. Photos of failures.
Flywheel energy storage – Wikipedia – article includes equation for kinetic energy
Flywheel Energy Systems, Inc. – Private corporation to "bring flywheel technology to the marketplace" Rotors, testing, and systems.
Flywheel Theory – Basics of flywheel energy storage, with links to many other sites.
Flywheels – Technical paper and information on exotic bearings for flywheels.
Flywheels channel at Power Design 365 – articles, product information and vendors
Motor Generator – Brushless DC Motor – on motor types for high speed flywheel energy storage.
PowerCorp – Markets PowerStore flywheel system.
Regenerative Power and Motion: A Low-Loss Flywheel Battery – technology and applications of stationary model.
RPM’s Flywheel Battery – Flywheel battery described as having near-zero storage (idling) loss, unlimited service life with no maintenance, ultra-high power conversion efficiency.
Tribology Systems, Inc. – Solid-lubricated bearing technology. Operational speeds can range up to 500,000 RPM, with temperatures up to 1000 F. Links to flywheel battery information.
Pentadyne Selected as “Most Promising Company” – at Energy Venture Fair V. Flywheel maker lauded. (November 22, 2004)
Liebert FS Advanced Flywheel Energy Storage System – Emerson Network Power announcement of new product. (October 13, 2004)

Compressed Air as a Energy Storage Option

Compressed air energy storage uses pressurized air as the energy storage medium. An electric motor-driven compressor is used to pressurize the storage reservoir using off-peak energy and air is released from the reservoir through a turbine during on-peak hours to produce energy. The turbine is essentially a modified turbine that can also be fired with natural gas or distillate fuel.

Ideal locations for large compressed air energy storage reservoirs are aquifers, conventional mines in hard rock, and hydraulically mined salt caverns. Air can be stored in pressurized tanks for small systems.

source

Using Batteries for Energy Storage

The standard battery used in energy storage applications is the lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery reaction is reversible, allowing the battery to be reused. There are also some advanced sodium/sulfur, zinc/bromine, and lithium/air batteries that are nearing commercial readiness and offer promise for future utility application.

What is Solar Energy?

 

What is solar power?  


Electromagnetic energy transmitted from the sun (solar radiation) is referred to as solar energy. Power in general is energy per unit time. Only a very small portion of total solar power reaches the earth. Numerically, this amount is characterized by solar constant- the average amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth’s upper atmosphere on a surface perpendicular to the sun’s rays. Solar constant is approximately 1366-1367 watts per square meter or 433 Btu/hr per square foot (see power unit conversion calculator).

How to convert solar power to electricity?
Solar power can be converted to electricity in photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are also called solar cells. A solar cell is made of specially treated silicon wafer with p-n junction. When photon of light strikes the top of the wafer, it can penetrate through the p-n junctions and free an electron, which can cross the junction into the n-type region. Free electrons are then held in the n-region, being unable to return into the p-region. This creates a voltage of about 0.5-0.6 volts under open circuit (no-load) condition. When connected to a load a typical commercial PV cell can produce about from 0.5 to 2.0 watt of electrical power.  In conventional small solar electric systems 32 to 40 cells are connected in series into modules (or panels). Such panels can produce open circuit voltage of up to 20 V and about 16-17 V at peak power.  These voltages are suitable for charging 12V batteries via regulators. There are also modules, which have nominal voltages 24V or 48V.
Multiple modules can be wired together in an array to produce higher voltages, currents and power levels. Parallel connection of the modules increase the maximum available load current while series connection increases the output voltage.

  
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Hotlinks to Additional Solar Energy Internet Resources:
Creative Energies A Renewable Energy Company:  Wyoming’s full-service renewable energy company featuring solar, wind, and water solutions for business and residential customers.
Google says, ‘Here comes the sun’:  Google Inc. is converting its renowned headquarters to run partly on solar power, hoping to set an example for corporate America.  The undertaking will be the largest solar project by a U.S. company. Google believes the sun eventually can deliver as much as 30 percent of the power at its 1-million-square-foot campus in Mountain View — a suburb about 35 miles south of San Francisco….
NEW    Bright Green Energy: Source for Solar and Photovoltaic Panels, Wind Turbines, Rutland wind chargers, Aerogen wind generators, Batteries, Inverters and other solar powered products. 
Solar Energy Photovoltaics Tutorial Package:  Provides an interactive tutorial package comprising of a comprehensive tutorial and laboratory grade photovoltaic module for "hands on" experiments and calculations.
NEW    Solar power:  Solar power, but what is solar power? and how will you make the best use of it? well, the answer to this is very….
The Solar Guide:  new link — website that makes solar energy accessible and understandable to you. The Solar Guide aims to give consumers the practical information they want, about buying solar and renewable energy systems.
University College Dublin:  Energy Research Group Carry out research on low-energy and passive solar building design and host the site for the European Solar Industry Federation ESIF. Many excellent well-illustrated reports on EU funded research projects are available in pdf format but you’ll need a fast link to deal with the monster file sizes!
US Solar Signs:  Manufacturer of solar powered signs for real estate, business and commercial applications. Patented design. No electrical wiring or maintenance is required. Battery-operated signs are recharged daily with solar energy. Signs can be customized to meet your application.
Next Energy:  NextEnergy provides SunPower Intelegant systems for homes in Northern California. For over 30 years, we’ve been turning around our customers PGE bills and helping to make Northern California a cleaner, safer place to live.

More General Solar Links  

Solar Thermal Videos

Nevada Solar One Solar Power Station
From:  REAccess

Shaine Ebrahimi of Green TV Productions, contributed this report about Nevada Solar One, a 64 MW concentrating solar power plant just outside of Las Vegas, Nevada. Green TV Productions
produces Life On The Green Side and Global Warming: The Tipping Point.

For more information:
Nevada Solar One Goes Online

Clean Solar Thermal Electricity
From:  origmi

The future of scalable clean solar energy. 350 MW built and operational in California desert for more than 15 years.

For more information:
The IEA SolarPACES Implementing Agreement   
 

Renewable Energy – Solar Thermal
(Hot Water)

From:  renewmaine

This video was created by Bowdoin College students www.bowdoin.edu in cooperation with the Maine Energy Investment Corporation www.renewmaine.org.

Solar Videos

Wind and Solar Energy How-To
From:  billypopp

Video description of how I’ve setup a solar / wind electric generating system for the first time. This is to power a radio tower in Enfield Maine. But, it could apply to any solar power or wind power application.

Spray-On Solar-Power Cells
Are True Breakthrough

From:  snarfelhamana

SOLAR REVOLUTION – Solar Paint
Ted Sargent is a pioneer in solar science. He’s working on solar technology that could literally be woven into every aspect of daily life, from our clothes to our roads, using what is known as a spray-on solar cell. The implications for our energy systems are profound. As Ted says, "Solar energy is not just an exciting science problem, but an incredibly important human problem."

For more information:
Spray-On Solar-Power Cells Are True Breakthrough

 

Largest Solar Field In The World
From:  videosphere

The largest photo-voltaic installation in the world is located near Arnstein, Germany. While visiting my family, my friend Sepp offered to take us there, a short distance from Schweinfurt.

For more information:
A sunny solar farm

Energy Innovations on Discovery Channel
From:  stoopidutoobname

Here’s the EI spot that aired on Discovery. EI is a cutting edge hitech company that is revolutionizing the solar power industry with their concentrating system.

Solar Air Conditioning
From:  tculhane

This video starts with a visual montage of the sheer number of air conditioners used on our street in Cairo, Egypt, describing them as energy parasites that actually increase the heat of the surrounding air. It then shows the vacuum tube heat pipe solar absorption cooling air conditioning system installed by solar engineer Les Hamasaki at the Debs Park Audubon Environmental Center in Los Angeles. Les Hamasaki describes the 10-ton solar chiller and we conclude with a note about how solar chillers not only eliminate the need for air conditioners,…

Solar House Lights
From:  wheels773

I turned on all the lights so I could get video of the house at night. About 15 lights on, drawing less power than 2-60 watt incandescent bulbs. My solar system made about 3000 watts of electricity on this hazy day.

Photovoltaics Videos

Solar Panel Install
From:  Yavor54

Short overview of solar system install.

How It’s Made – Solar Panels
From:  namitsu1

How solar panels are made.

Unlimited Energy Solar Solutions
From:  cleanenergyworks

Unlimited Energy is the largest, locally owned solar contractor in the Central San Joaquin Valley. We have been in business in Fresno since 1984 and have designed and installed some of the largest PV projects in the State of California. With over 2.75 million watts installed spanning over 400 installations, we’ve earned the right to be called the authority on solar.
 

For more information:
Unlimited Energy

 

Inflatable Solar Collectors
From:  PeakPixels

CoolEarthSolar.com has a patented idea for inflatable solar collectors that are much cheaper than polished mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto Photovoltaic chips. Their design is 400x cheaper than polished aluminum mirrors, will withstand 130 mph winds, lasts a year, repairs with tape, takes 15 minutes to change out, costs $2 per balloon, or 18 cents per watt, compared to $5 per watt for conventional installations, and has a minimal effect on the ground underneath the array!

For more information:
Cool Earth Renewable Energy

 

Photovoltaics Videos

Let the Sun Shine
From:  DavidGilmore

a short and fun film about the Technicians for Sustainability – a small brigade of guys on bikes who installed a solar system on my house.

Another Sunny Day with Sharp Solar
From:  tculhane

This is just a quick video sketch of a concept for a music video commercial celebrating Sharp Solar’s new SRS rail mounting system for making it easy to install "sharp looking" solar panels on tile roofs. It needs to be re-recorded and re-cut, but I was having fun after hours following a long day editing a training DVD for Sharp Solar and thought I would throw this together and post it for those who might get a kick out of it! Enjoy (and then go out and get yourself a PV system and help us stop climate change!)

Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) laminates
From:  SowhatNC

Video is from Google video.
Installing clean, reliable, inflation-proof solar power is easier than ever, thanks to the invention of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) laminates that can be bonded directly onto metal roofing panels. Unlike crystalline PV material, there’s no need for obtrusive racks and heavy, expensive glass. Instead, unbreakable thin-film PV is produced using amorphous silicon, encapsulated in Teflon and other polymers.

For More Information:
Uni-solar Photovoltaic Modules
Mitsubishi Thin Film Photovoltaic
Big Frog Mountain Corporation
 

 

Links to Information about Solar Energy

Sage Farm Solar Home:  Virtual tour of energy efficient residence that has evolved over 20 years to demonstrate several approaches for capturing and using solar energy.
Sandia expertise experience key factors in newly dedicated Solar Two power tower:  taken from Sandia Lab News, June 1996.
Sandia Laboratory Photovoltaics Program:   
Sandia National Laboratories Photovoltaics :   
Scandinavian Homes:  Providers of energy saving timber houses with triple glazing and heat-recovery-ventilation systems, based in Ireland. Utilising passive solar heating and pressurized water systems with water-saving mixers.
SCELL 2004 International Conference on the Physics Chemistry and Engineering of Solar Cells:  SCELL-2004 is intended as a vehicle for the dissemination of research results on materials science and technology related to photovoltaic, photothermal and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Badajoz, Spain, 13-15 May 2004
Sepco Solar Electric Powercompany:  Providing a line of commercial, mass-produced, engineered products powered by solar energy.
Services for Professionals in Solar Energy and Radiation:  Resource with information and databases on solar radiation and energy. Includes Java based calculators for a range of scientific and industrial domains.
Shanghai Ningtong High Tech Co :  Manufacturer of solar energy products, LED products, IC toys and electronic products.
Solar:  Learn more about solar energy technologies such as photovoltaic systems, concentrating solar systems, passive solar heating and daylighting, solar hot water, and solar process heat and space cooling.
Solar Bubble Build:  Interior-environment control system that uses liquid bubble insulation, dynamic liquid cooling, and solar energy collection based on the principles of the Solaroof developed by Richard Nelson.
Solar Building Design:  article by Steven Heckeroth in the Backwoods Home Magazine presenting four projects harnessing the sun’s energy. 
Solar Buildings:   (good introductory material)
Solar Car Team :  Official website of Iowa State University solar car team.
Solar Cells:  An introduction to solar electric technology and the manufacture and use of solar cells. 
Solar Cells Limited:  provides solar cells and rechargeable batteries along with distribution of solar panels and kits. 
Solar Chef High Performance Solar Oven:  Sun oven
Solar Collector and Solar Home Plans:  Design a solar home, build your own solar collectors, and install your own solar water heating system with a little help from JC 
Solar Design Company:  Supplier and installer of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly heat and power systems.
Solar Energy Information:  learn about Solar energy, Energy Savings, Solar Energy Advantages and Solar Power How It Works…
Solar Energy Systems & Service:  Provides solar heating, photovoltaic pool heating, heat pumps and related services. Includes photos, descriptions and contact details.
Solar Energy Systems Limited:  Offers cost effective solar powered technology solutions for water pumping, grid feed electricity generation, remote area power supply, and other solar technology applications.
Solar Enterprises Inc :  Designs and installs alternative energy systems.
Solar Environment Center (Pictures of the Sun today!):   
Solar Heating and Cooling:  Information about each of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Tasks.
Solar Mountain Energy:  Designs and installs solar electrical systems in the Rocky Mountain area.
Solar Parabolic Troughs :  (PDF document from EREN)
Solar Power Answers:  Information on the design and application of stand-alone photovoltaic systems including system design calculators. 
NEW  What is Solar Power?:  Electromagnetic energy transmitted from the sun (solar radiation) is referred to as solar energy. Power in general is energy per unit time. Only a very small portion of total solar power reaches the earth. Numerically, this amount is characterized by solar constant- the average amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth’s upper atmosphere on a surface perpendicular to the sun’s rays. Solar constant is approximately 1366-1367 watts per square meter or 433 Btu/hr per square foot…
Solar Power Towers:  from the Polytechnical College of Esslingen, Germany.
Solar process heat and space heating and cooling:  Industrial and commercial uses of the sun’s heat.
Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) :  This is the site of the national solar collector and system certification organization. SRCC provides one-time certification, national recognition, product credibility, and standardized comparisons of solar energy products. 
Solar Revolution:  University of Virginia Solar Car Program. Find out more info about our program.
Solar Sculptures:  Provides photos of energy sculpture installations by Joan Webster Price and Herbert Price.
Solar Site:  Lists innovative uses of solar energy used around the planet.
Solar Solutions Design & Drafting:  Solar Solutions design energy efficient and healthy homes to suit your block, lifestyle and budget.