| H Power Corp : Manufacturer of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. These fuel cells are able to back-up or replace electrical grid power. Products are sold to multiple industries. This company was capitalized by private investment. |
| Hat Creek E Publishing : offers a downloadable electronic book titled "Understanding and Installing Your Own Solar Electric System". It was written for the beginning alternative energy enthusiast. Written in plain language without a lot of technical jargon, it contains worksheets, a glossary and a large online resource-reference section. |
| Hawaiian Electric Company: Located in Hawaii, United States |
| Hawaiian Electric Industries: Located in Hawaii, United States |
| Hawkmans Automotive: contains a section devoted to alternate fuels and electric vehicle technology. / (added 09/2005) |
| Hay Dobbs Pa: Located in Minnesota, United States |
| Heat Pump Centre (Hpc): The International Energy Agency’s HPC is a source for international information on heat pumping technologies, applications and markets. |
| Heliocol Inc : Solar pool heating. Heat your swimming pool with the sun. Solar panels for pool heat. |
| Heliodyne Solar Water Heating: |
| Heliopower: Located in Fallbrook, California |
| Heliotronics Inc: Located in Hingham, Massachusetts |
| Hewitt Machine And Manufacturing: Manufacturer of cantilever or vertical boat, pontoon, hydraulic, and personal watercraft lifts, Roll-A-Docks, sectional and floating docks. Also manufacture dock accessories including ladders, benches, canopies, bumpers, solar panels, and stairways. |
| H-Ion Solar Inc: Hydrogen systems for energy storage |
| Hoku Scientific: Located in Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Holly Solar Products: Solar and low-voltage products – great LED flashlights / (added 09/2005) |
| Home Concepts: Your doorway to unique country designs featuring house, garage, cottage and carriage house plans. Immediate email delivery of all plans. |
| Home Construction And Improvement Guide: Located in Brainerd, Minnesota |
| Home Energy Saver |
| : The Home Energy Saver is designed to help you identify the best ways to save energy in your home, and find the resources to make the savings happen. The Home Energy Saver asks for a detailed description of your home, and then quickly computes energy use on-line. Results are provided in dollars, kilowatt-hours and CO2 emissions for your house and the most energy efficient house. By changing one or more features, you can estimate how much energy and money you can save and how much pollution you can prevent by improving your home’s energy efficiency. In addition, the Home Energy Saver’s "Making it Happen" and Energy Librarian" modules connect users to an expanding array of "how-to" information resources throughout the Internet. / (added 09/2005) |
| Home Energy Systems Inc: Located in San Diego, California |
| Home Ideas: Home improvement information for your home project. / (added 09/2005) |
| Home Solar Energy : Website provides selection of consumer solar and environmentally safe products including solar visor radios. |
| Home Water Treatment Systems: Home water treatment at Eden Engineering providing water filters, water purifiers, reverse osmosis water filtration and water purification systems cartridges. / (added 09/2005) |
| Home2gardenorg: dedicated to reviewing earth friendly and family friendly websites for anything related to home or garden. |
| Homestead Specialties: Solar and wind systems. |
| Honeywell Inc: Honeywell is a diversified technology and manufacturer of aerospace products and services; control technologies for buildings, homes and industry; automotive products; power generation systems; specialty chemicals; fibers; plastics and advanced materials. / (added 09/2005) |
| Hoosac Wind: Located in Unknown, United States |
| Horizon Industries: An AE retailer in Escondido, California |
| Hot Box Solar: The HOTBOX Solar Heater reflects the sun’s light energy and changes it into heat energy. This thermal energy can then be used to provide heat. Located in Elmira Heights, New York |
| Hot Sun Industries Inc: Located in San Diego, California |
| How To Use AmorphoUS Solar Cells – Jeremy Cooper: |
| Howard Alan Architects: Located in Chicago, Illinois |
| Hzw Environmental Consultants Inc: Located in Ohio, United States |
| Ibex Manufacturing Inc: Located in Francestown, New Hampshire |
| Icp: manufacturer of solar chargers for car batteries. |
| Icp Global Technologies: Manufactures a range of small to medium photovoltaic panels and portably solar battery chargers. Complete line of solar panels, powered battery maintainers and chargers for cars, trucks, boats, and RV’s. |
| Icp Solar Technologies Portable Power Systems: |
| Ida Tech Llc: Fuel Cells and reformers |
| Ihomelinecom: New Home and Remodeling Information Guide. / (added 09/2005) |
| Illinois Power Company: Located in Illinois, United States |
| In Hot Water Heat And Power: Design and sell heating and power systems for all sizes of homes and buildings. |
| Incandescent Replacement Technologies : LEDs, LED replacement modules for flashlights, LED striplights and worklights, and more. / (added 09/2005) |
| Independent Energy Solutions: Located in San Marcos, California |
| Independent Natural Resources: |
| Independent Power & Light: David Palumbo’s AE business in Hyde Park, Vermont |
| Independent Power Providers (Ipp) : A non-profit organization dedicated to small-scale energy producers. State and Federal law info, net metering, list of qualified installers, links, and more. |
| Independent Power Systems: Located in Smithville Flats, New York |
| Indianapolis Power & Light Company: Located in Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Industrial Company Tic: Located in Steamboat Springs, Colorado / (added 09/2005) |
| Industrial Solar Technology: Manufactures solar collectors for both industrial and residential use. Included are troughs, flat plate and photovoltaic solar energy collectors. / (added 09/2005) |
| Infiltecs List Of Blower Door Analysts And Contractors : |
| Infinigi – Infinite Energy Solutions: Aggressive prices on solar panels, wind turbines, charge controllers, inverters, and other renewable and energy efficient products. |
| Infinity Fuel Cell & Hydrogen: Located in Suffield, Connecticut |
| Info On Building Integral Solar And Wind Power Systems: illustrates & analyzes conventional and new installations. Includes UPS and off-grid systems, with RPM’s Flywheel Battery. Also EV info. |
| Intellidyne Llc: Intellidyne, LLC is a privately held New York company located in Glen Cove, Long Island, New York, specializing in the development, manufacture, and marketing of leading-edge energy saving products for the heating, air conditioning and commercial refrigeration markets. |
| Intermountain Solar Technologies: Alternative energy solutions. |
| International Applied Engineering: International Applied Engineering, Inc. (IAE) is dedicated to providing experienced professional engineering services in the specialized areas of energy production, project development and environmental planning. People worldwide seeking engineering assistance to meet energy development needs and to preserve and enhance the environment recognize the value of IAE’s expert services. IAE is a multi-discipline consulting engineering firm specializing in environmental and energy production applications. In addition to plans and studies, IAE provides consulting engineering services to clients throughout the project life cycle. IAE offers professional planning and engineering expertise covering a broad range of assignments from concept to trouble shooting and root cause determination to repowering and system upgrades. Located in Marietta, Georgia |
| International Fuel Cells Llc : Designs, develops, and manufactures fuel cell power plants, focusing on PEM fuel cells in transportation, stationary and portable applications. / (added 09/2005) |
| International Solar Electric Technology : Provider of expertise in the general field of photovoltaics including consulting and installation. |
| Inverter Doctor: |
| Inverters R US : Specializes in high quality, low cost power inverters. Modified sine wave, pure sine wave, 12 volt, 24 volt and inverters with chargers. 25 to 5000 watts. Free information and FAQs. / (added 09/2005) |
| Ion Power Inc: Located in Bear, Delaware |
| Iowa Thin Film Technologies: Located in Iowa, United States |
| Island Energy: Located in Mare Island, California |
| Island Energy Solutions: Island Energy Solutions, Inc. is an electrical contracting company based out of Kailua, Oahu, Hawaii. We install solar electric systems and ed. Located in Kailua, Hawaii |
Uncategorized
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Jed Engineering: Located in El Cajon, California |
| Jefferson Utilities: Located in Jefferson, Wisconsin |
| Jemmett Engineering : markets self build plans for wind, petrol, steam, and water generators; and for methane generation, electric vehicles, and others. |
| Jikharev Boris: total information about renewable home systems for Russian users. |
| Johnson Controls: Johnson Controls is comprised of three primary divisions: Automotive Interiors, Automotive Batteries, and Controls & Facility Management. The Automotive Interiors division designs, engineers, and manufactures interior systems for the global automotive industry. / (added 09/2005) |
| Keep It Simple Systems (Solar Power For Portablecomputers): Makers of solar chargers for Powerbooks and other laptops |
| Kema: KEMA consists of seven divisions: Power Generation, Consulting, Quality, Contract R&D, Sustainable, Facilities, and T&D Power. KEMA focuses on providing its customers with solutions to their technical problems. The majority of its customers are in businesses related to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. KEMA specializes in high-level technical consultancy, testing, inspections, and certification. |
| Keyitec Inc: Keyitec is a leading provider of Power Backup, Solar/Renewable Energy, Power Quality and Data Center solutions and equipment for the commercial, industrial, governmental, institutional, military, medical and recreational facilities. Located in Scottsdale, Arizona |
| Kimco: Located in Ohio, United States |
| Kinetic Microscience: make toys at home with common household materials, often in only a few minutes that demonstrate fascinating scientific principles. Build your own solar cell, solar cookers, etc. |
| Knv Llc : builds secluded cabins in western Montana. Solar and Wind powers the majority of the Montana log cabins that we build. / (added 09/2005) |
| Konarka Technologies: developers of versatile, affordable photovoltaic products based on the dye-sensitized solar cell, a new technology for low temperature sintering of titanium dioxide. |
| Ku Energy Corporation: Located in Lexington, Kentucky |
| Kyocera Photovoltaic Panels: |
| Kyocera Solar: Global Distribution business unit serves a network of 1,000 Authorized Distributors and Dealers, including 700 in the United States and 300 in other nations. In addition to supplying components and packaged systems to our Dealers, this business unit offers engineering and technical support, project management, sales aids and literature and training. |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| La Sunpower : Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System Design and Installation in the Los Angeles area. Lots of online information regarding the economics of switching a grid-powered house to solar, and environmental benefits. |
| Lake Country Power: Located in Kettle River, Minnesota |
| Lake Macquariecommunications: Sell a range of 2 way radios, solar panels and related equipment. |
| Lake Michigan Wind And Sun: They provide parts for small wind turbines and still support the old pre REA Jacobs and Wincharger lines as well as most currently USA produced wind turbines. Parts they can provide include props, brushes, bearings, towers and tower tops. Excellent wind power resource. |
| Lake Superior Renewable Energy: An AE retailer in Duluth, Minnesota |
| Land And Sea Solar: Web site features informative pages on grid-tie systems, energy conservation, small-scale off-grid systems and helpful links. / (added 09/2005) |
| Landmark Landscape: Landmark Landscape is an ecological landscape firm that provides the highest quality landscape services available for homeowners and businesses in Sheboygan and the surrounding area. We host an expert staff of landscape designers, horticulturists, arborists, and landscape artisans who specialize in native landscape design, installation, and maintenance. Located in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin. |
| Larsen Engineers: Consulting firm offers general civil and environmental engineering services, including storm water management, highway and bridge engineering, and renewable energy services. Includes client list and project portfolio. |
| LazarUS & Associates Ltd: |
| Ldk Consultants Engineers And Planners: LDK is an independent consulting company, providing services including pre-investment analysis, appraisals, detailed design, technical assistance, project management, and evaluation. LDK has seven primary divisions: Program & Project Management and Evaluations, Planning, Communication & Organization of Events, Energy Consulting, Environmental Consulting, Private Sector Development, and Building & Infrastructure. / (added 09/2005) |
| Le Boisé Alternatives: a Canadian alternative energy company located in the Outaouais (Québec) / Ottawa (Ontario) region. The web site is bilingual and also documents the on-going construction of their off-grid log homestead. |
| Leading Outdoor Technology Supply: Dealer of RE products, including inverters, solar panels, and portable power units. / (added 09/2005) |
| Led Enterprises: Located in Dallas, Texas |
| Led Light Led Lighting Products: Online Catalog of white LED and Luxeon Star, Inova X5 flashlights, White LED light fixtures, Light Emitting Diodes, LED Lamps, LED bulbs, Solar Power Stations and Solar fans. / (added 09/2005) |
| Led Store: The LED Store delivers the most powerful light output possible without the use of standard incandescent light bulbs found in run-of-the-mill discount retail flashlights. Enter the LED Flashlight. Our online catalog offers an impressive range of powerful, energy saving led flashlights that will be kind to your battery budget. Check us out today! / (added 09/2005) |
| Leveredge: Located in Tampa, Florida / (added 09/2005) |
| Liberty Graphics: uses water-based inks to print science and nature designs on quality t-shirts. Many designs are also available on organic tees. |
| Lighting: |
| Lighting Resource: The Lighting Resource is a small commercial clearinghouse for vendors of efficient lighting products. Affiliated with Lighting in Canada. The Lighting Resource also maintains links to lighting equipment vendors. / (added 09/2005) |
| Lightingcomponents Led Corp: LC LED provides the most powerful white LED light output possible and is the perfect substitute for incandescent light bulbs found in run-of-the-mill discount retail flashlights. Our online catalog offers an impressive range of powerful, energy efficient LED lighting solutions at competitive prices. Visit us out today! / (added 09/2005) |
| Lynntech Inc : Provider of research and development services specializing in electrochemistry, fuel cells, water purification and medical equipment. The company is also a reseller of fuel cell test stations and ozone generators. |
| Madison Environmental: Madison Environmental Group is an interdisciplinary consulting firm assisting businesses and individuals with innovative resource and cost saving solutions, which contribute, to a healthy community and environment. |
| Majorpower Corporation: Online suppliers of inverters, battery chargers and uninterrupted power supplies. Specializing in frequency, phase and DC converters, voltage, surge protection, solar and wind energy. / (added 09/2005) |
| Malibu Water: Providing Farm Pond Aeration Systems, Windmill, Electric, Solar Power and water treatment systems. |
| Manhattan Scientifics: |
| March Solar: Clean, Silent, Electricity from the Sun. |
| Marine Development Associates Inc.: |
| Marine Temperature Systems: Located in Westbury, New York |
| Mark Snyder Electric: Alternative energy component sales, service, appliances, compost toilets. Also: introduction of a water-pumping windmill that produces electricity as well. |
| Marlec Engineering Co Ltd: wind power generators solar energy alternative energy battery charging for all environments in the world. |
| Masonry Heaters Association: |
| Masonry Stove Builders: Stay warm with just one small fire a day |
| Mastervolt International: Energy solutions in industrial, mobile, marine and renewable energy applications. |
| Mastervolt Solar: Manufacturer of grid-connected and stand-alone PV inverters in range from 100 W to 25 kW. |
| Material World: Suzy Banks’ overview guide to green building materials |
| Maya Solar: Distributors for BP, Siemens, and UNISOLAR photovoltaic modules and control gear. Also a large selection of solar powered lamps, lanterns, fountains, radios and torches. |
| Mayflower Trading Co: Alternative energy (solar power, wind, and hydro power), generators, inverters, charge controllers, solar modules, solar panels, composting toilets, storable food, emergency kits, books, and energy-saving appliances. Also have articles on self-reliant living. |
| Mb Technical Services: Located in Long Beach, California |
| Mechanical Energy Systems: Power ready systems, pool heating, solatubes, .. / (added 09/2005) |
| Megasun Solar Systems: Manufacturers and exporters of hot water solar systems, panels, collectors and water heaters. |
| Megawatt Motorworks: an electric vehicle information site with EV-related news, links to hundreds of electric vehicle websites, an online store for books and plans, and more. |
| Meridian Energy Systems: A full-service alternative energy company dedicated to the implementation of quality alternative energy systems. / (added 09/2005) |
| Meta Efficient: A Guide to the Most Efficient Things in the World. We provide independent reviews of meta-efficient products and techniques. |
| Mhs Solar: An AE retailer in Alexandria, Virginia |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| Microship : is the successor to a computerized, networked, teched-out recumbent bicycle. The new project can be loosely described as a high-tech multi-hull sea-going craft. |
| Mini Hydrogen : Small fuel cells and hydrogen product store / (added 09/2005) |
| Moonlight Solar / Current Electric: Installing dealers of RE equipment, solar home tours, education for homeowners and Electrical / PV installers. |
| Morningstar Corp : Morningstar Corporation is a world-leading supplier of photovoltaic (PV) controllers using advanced technology. Our products are sold in 57 countries through a global network of 163 authorized Morningstar distributors. |
| Moton Chemicals: Development and production of specialty lubricants and other maintenance products, if possible based on natural components such as vegetable oils, ceramics etc. and with properties that are at least equal or better compared to the normal products b / (added 09/2005) |
| Mr Solar: Located in Maryland, United States |
| Mr Solar Australia: Solar heating panels, hot water systems, and pumps for home, pool, and business solar hot water systems. |
| Natural Capitalism: |
| Natural Light Energy Systems: Produces, sells, and services solar attic fans. Based in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. / (added 09/2005) |
| Neg – Micon: Wind turbine manufacturer |
| Nekolux: Stand-alone systems, backup power systems, renewable energy systems for developing countries, and environmental art. / (added 09/2005) |
| New England Solar Electric: We are a small, rural based solar electric company in the foothills of the Berkshires. We endeavor, generally, to serve the needs of homeowners located off the power-grid, as well as RV owners and other power-related camping needs. |
| Norconserv: Norwegian Institute of Fish Processing and Preservation Technology (NORCONSERV) An independent foundation working for the food industry. |
| North Arkansas Solar Power: Providing guide to alternative energy sources for Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. |
| Northern Arizona Wind & Sun: solar electric systems and components since 1979. |
| Northern Power Systems Inc : Provider of alternative power systems for remote or stand-alone applications. The company manufactures specific wind turn generators and resells solar power equipment. Products are sold to the telecommunications industry. This company was cap.. |
| Northern Tool: Supplying high quality tools and equipment at low, discount prices. |
| Northwest Energy Storage: Selling the Solar-One, a HUP (high utilization positive) battery |
| Nrg Systems Inc: Manufacturer of wind energy assessment equipment for the international wind energy industry. Located in Hinesburg, Vermont / (added 09/2005) |
| Nuvera Fuel Cells : Manufacture PEM fuel cells and processors. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts |
Links to Renewable (Alternative) Organizations
| Energy Saving International (Ensi) : Energy news clips and other energy news services from (in Spanish) |
| Energy Saving Trust: The EE2000 project assists Central and Eastern Europe and CIS countries to enhance their energy efficiency and security of energy supply; and assists these countries in meeting international environmental treaty obligations. This site is to enhance communications between project partners and disseminate results of national energy efficiency programmes and the EE2000 project. |
| Environment Australia : US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes programmes and activities, related to buildings. / (added 09/2005) |
| Environmental Bbs: US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes activities related to Superconductivity for Electric Systems. / (added 09/2005) |
| Environmental Development Action In The Third World (Enda): US Department of Energy’s major site, which includes programmes and activities, related to transportation. |
| European Environment Information And Observation Network (Eionet) : |
| European Fuel Cell Group: The EBRD offers financing for the economic transition in central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). |
| European Integrated Hydrogen Project (Eihp): To promote the use of biodiesel in the European Union |
| European Solar Energy Association : association working to support renewable energy sources in the European institutions. |
| European Wind Energy Association (Ewea): An agency set up by the European Union, which provides objective, reliable and comprehensive information relevant to the protection and improvement of the environment. The Agency co-ordinates the information retrieval network EIONET. / (added 09/2005) |
| Ewea (European Wind Energy Association) : Collects data, information and knowledge on the state of the environment for the European Environment Agency. |
Links to Renewable (Alternative) Organizations
| Federation Of The Electricity Companies In Belgium (Bfe-Fpe) : / (added 09/2005) |
| Finnish Energy Industries Federation (Finergy): |
| Finnish Energy Industries Federation Finergy: Nonpartisan organization whose objectives are replacement of nuclear and fossil fuels with environmentally sound energy sources using renewable energies. / (added 09/2005) |
| Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) : is a non-profit, non-governmental association with a membership consisting mainly of national affiliated societies, companies/organisations involved in wind related activities. |
| FocUS On Energy: The Finnish electricity branch organization: power and heat generation, procurement, transmission, sales, and building of power transmission grid. |
| Folkecenter For Renewable Energy : An independent research organisation, which produces research-based information on Forestry, including wood fuel harvesting. |
| Fortum Ivo-Neste Group : Organization established to promote wind power in Finland; part of the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA). / (added 09/2005) |
| French Institute For Agricultural And Environmental Engineering Research (Cemagref): Provides assistance in applied R&D in the fields of environment, energy and materials. |
| French Ministry Of The Environment : |
| French National Centre For Scientific Research (Cnrs) : / (added 09/2005) |
| French Natural Gas Vehicle Association: Focus on Energy is a public-private partnership offering energy information and services to energy utility customers throughout Wisconsin. The goals of this program are to encourage energy efficiency and use of renewable energy, enhance the environment, and ensure the future supply of energy for Wisconsin. / (added 09/2005) |
Links to Renewable (Alternative) Organizations
| Geoexchange: Association Française du Gaz Naturel pour Vehicules / (added 09/2005) |
| Geo-Heat Center: in French |
| Geothermal Energy Association |
| Geothermal Industry Association For Canada: |
| Geothermal Resources Association: |
| Geothermal Resources Council (Grc): The Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium provides information on the use of geothermal, ground source heating and cooling systems. |
| Geothermal Resources Foundation: Center for dissemination of geothermal information and technology transfer, by the Oregon Institute of Technology. Information on geothermal energy, its utilization, and United States’ geothermal resources. |
| Geothermal-Bizcom : The Geothermal Energy Association is a trade association composed of U.S. companies who support the expanded use of geothermal energy and are developing geothermal resources worldwide for electrical power generation and direct-heat use. Their web site is mostly comprised of membership information but there are also statistics and articles on geothermal energy. |
| Germany: International Economic Platform For Renewable Energies (Iwr) : The Canadian GeoExchange Coalition represents the geothermal heating & cooling industry through a growing partnership of electric & gas utilities, industry, financial, and government stakeholders. As the nexus of information, training, standards and public awareness, our mandate is to build the infrastructure to respond to the climate challenge. / (added 09/2005) |
| Global Ecovillage Network: supports federal legislation aimed at restructuring the electric utility industry and stimulating the application of geothermal and other renewable energy generation technologies. |
| Green Home Building: |
| Green Hotels Association: (in German) |
| Green House Network: The Global Ecovillage Network is a global confederation of people and communities that meet and share their ideas, exchange technologies, develop cultural and educational exchanges, directories and newsletters, and are dedicated to restoring the land and living "sustainable plus" lives by putting more back into the environment than we take out. |
| Green Peace: GEF provides grants and concessional funding to recipient countries for projects and programmes that protect the global environment and promote sustainable development. |
| Green Power Market Development Group: s a new graduate-level educational institute dedicated to a revolutionary interdisciplinary and international approach to teaching environmental management by confronting the world’s most pressing environmental problems. |
| Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme : Recycling professionals and waster reduction activists, promoting producer responsibility and zero waste as critical elements of a sustainable economy |
| Grove Fuel Cell: The Green Building Information Council is a Canadian non-profit organisation that disseminates information about energy and environmental issues in the building sector around the world. / (added 09/2005) |
DSE Energy Glossary
| P/N | A semiconductor photovoltaic device structure in which the junction is formed between a p-type layer and an n-type layer. |
| Packing Factor | The ratio of array area to actual land area or building envelope area for a system; or, the ratio of total solar cell area to the total module area, for a module. |
| PADD | The United States is divided by the U.S. Department of Energy into five PADD regions for planning purposes. The states within PADD V are Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, which are linked closely by their oil supply network. Since very little petroleum product is export outside the district, PADD V is essentially a self-contained oil supply system with Alaska and California the main producers and California refining the majority of the crude oil consumed in the PADD. (Petroleum Administration For Defense Districts) |
| Panel | See photovoltaic (PV) panel. |
| Pangaea | the huge supercontinent which scientists think may have existed 250 million years ago. All of the continents may have at one time been joined together to make this huge land mass. |
| Parallel Connected | A method of connection in which positive terminals are connected together and negative terminals are connected together. Current output adds and voltage remains the same. |
| Parallel Connection | A way of joining solar cells or photovoltaic modules by connecting positive leads together and negative leads together; such a configuration increases the current, but not the voltage. |
| Parallel Path Flow | As defined by NERC, this refers to the flow of electric power on an electric system’s transmission facilities resulting from scheduled electric power transfers between two other electric systems. (Electric power flows on all interconnected parallel paths in amounts inversely proportional to each path’s resistance.) |
| Partial Load | An electrical demand that uses only part of the electrical power available. |
| Particulate Matter (Pm) | Unburned fuel particles that form smoke or soot and stick to lung tissue when inhaled. A chief component of exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. |
| Particulates (Particulate Matter) |
dust, soot, smoke and other suspended matter; can be respiratory irritants. Particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (pm10) has been found to be particularly harmful to health. |
| Pascal | The pascal [Pa] is the SI unit of pressure. One pascal is the pressure generated by a force of 1 newton acting on an area of 1 square metre. It is a rather small unit as defined and is more often used as a kilopascal [kPa]. It is named after the French mathematician, physicist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-62). |
| Passivation | A chemical reaction that eliminates the detrimental effect of electrically reactive atoms on a solar cell’s surface. |
| Passive Solar | Any use of the sun’s energy in a manner that is found in nature without the use of mechanical aid like pumps or fans. For example, heating a thermal mass (a concrete wall or slab, for instance) during the day with direct sunlight, and using the stored heat in that mass to warm a greenhouse or home at night. |
| Passive Solar Energy | Use of the sun to help meet a building¹s energy needs by means of architectural design (such as arrangement of windows) and materials (such as floors that store heat, or other thermal mass). |
| Passive Solar Energy Designs |
use the building itself as both the solar collector and storage medium, usually by increasing the window area on the south side of the building and the amount of thermal mass inside the building to absorb the solar heat that enters through the windows. |
| Passive Solar Home | A house that utilizes part of the building as a solar collector, as opposed to active solar, such as PV. |
| Passive Solar System | A solar heating or cooling system that uses no external mechanical power to move the collected solar heat. |
| Pasteurize | to use high temperatures to destroy disease-causing bacteria. |
| Payback | The period of time it takes for an energy generating device or system to pay for itself in fuel savings. |
| Pcbs (Polychloronated Biphenyls) |
A group of organic compounds used in the manufacture of plastics and formerly used as a coolant in electric transformers. In the environment, PCBs are highly toxic to aquatic life. They persist in the environment for long periods of time and are biologically accumulative. |
| Peak Demand | See PEAK LOAD. |
| Peak Demand/Load | The maximum energy demand or load in a specified time period. |
| Peak Load | The maximum load or electrical power draw occurring in a given period of time. |
| Peak Load Or Peak Demand | The electric load that corresponds to a maximum level of electric demand in a specified time period. |
| Peak Load Power Plant | A power generating station that is normally used to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peak Power Current | Amperes produced by a photovoltaic module or array operating at the voltage of the I-V curve that will produce maximum power from the module. |
| Peak Power Point | Operating point of the I-V (current-voltage) curve for a solar cell or photovoltaic module where the product of the current value times the voltage value is a maximum. |
| Peak Power Tracking | see maximum power tracking. |
| Peak Sun Hours | The equivalent number of hours per day when solar irradiance averages 1000 W/m2. |
| Peak Watt | A unit used to rate the performance of solar cells, modules, or arrays; the maximum nominal output of a photovoltaic device, in watts (Wp) under standardized test conditions, usually 1,000 watts per square meter of sunlight with other conditions, such as temperature specified. |
| Peak Wind Speed | The maximum instantaneous wind speed that occurs within a specific period of time. |
| Peaker | A nickname for a power generating station that is normally used to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peaking Unit | A power generator used by a utility to produce extra electricity during peak load times. |
| Peat | A heterogeneous mixture of partly decomposed organic matter that has accumulated in a water saturated environment over a very long period of time. Peat geologically is considered a very young form of coal and has a heating value of 6,600 Btu/pound in situ. |
| Pelton Wheel | A common impulse turbine runner—the wheel that receives the water, changing the pressure and flow of the water to circular motion to drive an alternator, generator, or machine. Pelton wheels (named after inventor Lester Pelton) are made with a series of cups or “buckets” cast onto a hub. |
| Penstock | The pipe in a hydro system that carries the water from the intake to the turbine. |
| Perm | The measurement of water vapor through different materials measured in perm-inch (mass of water vapor moving through a unit area in unit time). |
| Permeable | able to transmit water or other liquids; for example, rock with tiny passageways between holes, fractured rock, and gravel are permeable. |
| Petrochemicals | Chemicals made from oil. |
| Petrodollars | Money paid to other countries for oil imported to the United States. |
| Petroleum | Oil as found it its natural state under the ground. |
| Phantom Load | A device that consumes energy even when its switch is off, such as the digital clock on a VCR. |
| Phosphorous (P) | A chemical element used as a dopant in making n-type semiconductor layers. |
| Photocell | A device that produces an electric reaction to visible radiant energy (light). |
| Photocurrent | |
| Photoelectric Cell | A device for measuring light intensity that works by converting light falling on, or reach it, to electricity, and then measuring the current; used in photometers. |
| Photoelectrochemical Cell | A special kind of PV cell in which the electricity is used immediately to produce a chemical (Eg Hydrogen). |
| Photon | |
| Photosynthesis | A process by which green plants change carbon dioxide into oxygen and organic materials. The energy for this process comes from sunlight. |
| Photovoltaic | Capable of producing a voltage when exposed to light or other radiation. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) | Refers of converting light into electricity. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Array | A number of PV modules connected together in a single structure. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Cell | The smallest discrete element in a PV module that performs the conversion of light into electrical energy to produce a DC current and voltage. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Conversion Efficiency |
The ratio of the electrical power generated by a PV device to the power of the light incident on it. This is typically in the range 5% to 15% for commercially available modules. |
| Photovoltaic (Pv) Device | A solid-state electrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltage-current characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials in and design of the device. Solar photovoltaic devices are made of various semiconductor materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single crystalline, multicrystalline, or amorphous forms. |
| Photovoltaic (Pv) Effect | The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the "particles" in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. When this property of light is combined with the properties of semiconductors, electrons flow in one direction across a junction, setting up a voltage. With the addition of circuitry, current will flow and electric power will be available. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Generator | The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected. |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Module | A single assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, (and protective devices such as diodes) intended to generate DC power under un-concentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate). [UL 1703] |
| Photovoltaic (PV) Panel | a term often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in single module systems). |
| Photovoltaic (PV) System | A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including the array and balance of system components. |
| Photovoltaic Array | A collection of solar modules connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel combination to provide greater voltage, current, or power than can be furnished by a single solar module. Solar-electric arrays can be designed to furnish any desired voltage, current, or power. |
| Photovoltaic Cell | A device composed of specially prepared semiconductor material or material combinations exhibiting the ability to convert incident solar energy directly into electrical energy. |
| Photovoltaic Effect | The effect that causes a voltage to be developed across the junction of two different materials when they are exposed to light. |
| Photovoltaic Module | A PV module consists of series and/or parallel wired cells typically made from layered silicon crystals that convert light energy to DC electricity. The number of modules in a given system varies depending on the combined load being powered. |
| Photovoltaic System | All the parts connected together that are required to produce solar electricity. |
| Photovoltaic(S) (PV) | Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity. |
| Photovoltaics (PV) | convert sunlight directly into electricity using PV cells made of semiconductor material. |
| Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) System |
A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a total energy system. |
| Physical Vapor Deposition | A method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate. |
| P-I-N | A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; this structure is most often used with amorphous silicon PV devices. |
| PIPE LOSS (Frictional Head Loss) |
The amount of energy or pressure lost due to friction between a flowing liquid and the inside surface of a pipe. |
| Pipeline | A line of pipe with pumping machinery and apparatus (including valves, compressor units, metering stations, regulator stations, etc.) for conveying a liquid or gas. |
| Plate Tectonics | the study of the movement of large crustal plates (lithospheric plates) of the Earth’s shell. The earth’s shell is broken into several pieces (12 large ones and several smaller ones). These plates move toward and away from one another at about the rate our fingernails grow. The process that creates the dynamic movement of the plates includes the convection of magma in the mantle and lithosphere. Plate tectonics helps to explain continental drift, seafloor spreading, volcanic eruptions and other geothermal phenomena, earthquakes, mountain formation and the distribution of some plant and animal species. |
| Plates | A metal plate, usually lead or lead compound, immersed in the electrolyte in a battery. |
| PM | Permanent Magnet, a magnet that retains its magnetism after the removal of the magnetizing force. |
| PMA | Permanent Magnet Alternator. |
| P-N Junction | The semiconductor junction in a photovoltaic cell that shunts electrons into a circuit. Electrons are bumped across this junction by photons (light particles). |
| Pocket Plate | A plate for a battery in which active materials are held in a perforated metal pocket. |
| Point-Contact Cell | A high efficiency silicon photovoltaic concentrator cell that employs light trapping techniques and point-diffused contacts on the rear surface for current collection. |
| Polar Night Jets | An intermittent form of jet stream that occurs above the earth’s poles during the dark winter months. |
| Pole Mount | A PV mount that is installed on the top or side of a pole usually set in concrete. Can be fixed or seasonally tilted. |
| Polycrystalline | See Multicrystalline. |
| Polycrystalline Cell | a wafer of silicon with a multi-grained structure. All grains have the same atomic crystal lattice, however, each grain has a unique orientation in space thereby producing a unique reflection of light. |
| Polycrystalline Silicon | A material used to make photovoltaic cells, which consist of many crystals unlike single-crystal silicon. |
| Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC) | A plastic used as an insulator on electrical cables. A toxic material, which is being replaced with alternatives made from more benign chemicals |
| Porous | full of small holes (pores); able to be filled (permeated) by water, air, or other materials. |
| Post And Beam Construction | A traditional building technique in which post and beam framing units are the basic load-bearing members. Post and beams may be of wood, structural steel, or concrete. In this system, there are fewer framing members, leaving more open space for in-fill. Often used in straw bale construction. |
| Power | |
| Power (Watts) | Basic unit of electricity equal to the product of current and voltage (in DC circuits). |
| Power Authorities | Quasi-governmental agencies that perform all or some of the functions of a public utility. |
| Power Conditioning | The process of modifying the characteristics of electrical power (for e.g., inverting direct current to alternating current). |
| Power Conditioning Equipment | Electrical equipment, or power electronics, used to convert power from a photovoltaic array into a form suitable for subsequent use. A collective term for inverter, converter, battery charge regulator, and blocking diode. |
| Power Conversion Efficiency | The ratio of output power to input power e.g. Of an inverter. |
| Power Density | The ratio of the power available from a battery to its volume (Watts per liter) or weight (Watts per kilogram). |
| Power Factor | The cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and the current waveforms in an AC circuit. A measure of inverter performance. |
| Power Factor (Pf) | The ratio of actual power being used in a circuit, expressed in watts or kilowatts, to the power that is apparently being drawn from a power source, expressed in volt-amperes or kilovolt-amperes. |
| Power Grid (Also “Utility Grid”) | A common term referring to an electricity transmission and distribution system. |
| Power Plant | a central station where electricity is produced using turbines and generators. |
| Power Pool | An entity established to coordinate short-term operations to maintain system stability and achieve least-cost dispatch. The dispatch provides backup supplies, short-term excess sales, reactive power support, and spinning reserve. Historically, some of these services were provided on an unpriced basis as part of the members’ utility franchise obligations. Coordinating short-term operations includes the aggregation and firming of power from various generators, arranging exchanges between generators, and establishing (or enforcing) the rules of conduct for wholesale transactions. The pool may own, manage and/or operate the transmission lines ("wires") or be an independent entity that manages the transactions between entities. Often,the power pool is not meant to provide transmission access and pricing, or settlement mechanisms if differences between contracted volumes among buyers and sellers exist. |
| Power Quality | Stability of frequency and voltage and lack of electrical noise on the power grid. |
| Ppm (Parts Per Million) | The unit commonly used to represent the degree of pollutant concentration where the concentrations are small. |
| Preferred Hour-Ahead Schedule | A Scheduling Coordinator’s preferred schedule for the ISO hour-ahead scheduling process. |
| Pressure | The “push” behind liquid or gas in a tank, reservoir, or pipe. Water pressure is directly related to “head”—the height of the top of the water over the bottom. Every 2.31 feet of vertical head gives 1 psi (pound per square inch) of water pressure. |
| Pressurized Water Reactor (Pwr) |
A nuclear power unit cooled by water that is pressurized to keep it from boiling when it reaches high temperatures. |
| Prevailing Wind Direction | The direction from which the wind predominantly blows as a result of the seasons, high and low pressure zones, the tilt of the earth on its axis, and the rotation of the earth. |
| Primary Battery | A battery that cannot be re-charged. |
| Primary Cell | A primary cell is an electrochemical cell (battery) that cannot be recharged. The chemical process within the primary cell is only one way—discharge. When a primary cell is discharged it is discarded. Common flashlight batteries are primary cells; they are disposable batteries that should be avoided. |
| Primary Fuel | Fuel consumed in the original production of energy, before conversion takes place. |
| Programmable Controller | A device that controls the operation of electrical equipment (such as air conditioning units and lights) according to a preset time schedule. |
| Projected Area | The net south-facing glazing area projected on a vertical plane. |
| Propane | A gas that is both present in natural gas and refined from crude oil. It is used for heating, lighting and industrial applications. See also LPG. |
| Propeller | A blade that propels or acts as an airscrew turning by the oncoming wind. Also known as Prop. "slang term for the rotor" |
| Proton | A basic particle present in an atom’s nucleus, which has a positive charge. |
| Provider Of Last Resort | A legal obligation(traditionally given to utilities) to provide service to a customer where competitors have decided they do not want that customer’s business. |
| Psi | See PRESSURE. |
| P-Type Semiconductor | A semiconductor in which holes carry the current. It is produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an an electron accepting impurity. (Eg adding born to silicon) |
| Puelche | A warm, dry wind that blows easterly off the Andes of South America. |
| Pulse Width Modulation (Pwm) | Varying the amount of DC energy sent to a load or other device by changing the length of time a pulse is left on compared to when it is off. The wider the pulse, the greater the energy transfer. |
| Pulse-Width-Modulated (Pwm) Wave Inverter |
A type of power inverter that produce a high quality (nearly sinusoidal) voltage, at minimum current harmonics. |
| Pumped Hydroelectric Storage | Commercial method used for large-scale storage of power. During off-peak times, excess power is used to pump water to a reservoir. During peak times, the reservoir releases water to operate hydroelectric generators. |
| PURPA | The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, passed in 1978. Requires utilities to purchase excess generation from small-scale generators. However, without net metering, this can amount to a fraction of retail prices. |
| PV | See PHOTOVOLTAIC |
| PV Array | Two or more photovoltaic modules wired in series or parallel. |
| PV Array-Direct | The use of electricity directly from a photovoltaic array, without batteries or other electrical storage. Many solar water pumps work this way, using a tank to store water. |
| PV Components | The individual parts of a PV System. Individual items like Batteries, Inverters, Regulators, Wiring |
| PV System | All the parts in combination required to generate solar electricity |
| Pyranometer | An instrument for measuring total hemispherical solar irradiance on a flat surface, or "global" irradiance; thermopile sensors have been generally identified as pyranometers, however, silicon sensors are also referred to as pyranometers. |
| Pyrheliometer | An instrument used for measuring direct beam solar irradiance. Uses an aperture of 5.7° to transcribe the solar disc. |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
| (Bap) Bubble Action Pumps Ltd: |
| (Ensi) Energy Saving International: Grid maps wind resource potential are based on wind power density. |
| (Ttc)Technology Transition Corporation: |
| 1st Solar Products: Bubble Action Pumps Ltd. manufactures ELECTRIC-FREE hot water and space heating systems using SOLAR and other RENEWABLE FUELS. With the amazing Bubble Action Pump, there is no longer any need for an electric pump to circulate the fluid in a solar water heating system. We call our system SOL Perpetua™. |
| 21st Centurt Technologies: A consulting company in the area of energy conservation, energy efficiency, environment and demand-side management. |
| 21st Century Goods: Washington D.C. firm that designs and implements strategic initiatives to help emerging energy technologies, including fuel cells, move from the research and development environment into sustainable markets. |
| AES Solar Energy: continually strive to be the industry leader in service and reliability. From start to finish, contract to final inspection, we make the process of bringing solar energy to your home or business fast, simple, and indeed worry-free. Our installation team is the most experienced in the area! |
| 4lotscom: 21st Century Technologies provides unique solar electric systems and complete energy solutions, from initial consultation to installation, project development, maintenance and financing at the lowest possible cost. Located in Sunland, California |
| A Slight Chill In The Air: offers a large selection of innovative electronic products. Since 2001 we have specialized in solar power products for emergency preparedness, outdoor recreation, and safety. |
| A-1 Well Service: Sells inverters, charge controllers, panels and racks, fuses, batteries, cables, and grid kits. Corona, California. |
| Aaa Solar Service And Supply : 3W Energy conducts project feasibility and cost studies for a variety of both public and private clients. We facilitate and manage the investment of f. Located in Oregon, United States |
| Aaes – Advanced Alternative Energy Solutions: Dealer of RE products, including inverters, solar panels, and portable power units. |
| Aalborg Industries A/S: Christian Science Monitor article on trends in U.S. solar power use. Solar electricity and thermal technologies are improving, but the market is cool. May 23, 2002 / (added 09/2005) |
| Aarons Rain Barrels: A-1 Well Service supplies, installs, and services all water-well system components, such as pumps, tanks, controls, etc. We also arrange well drilling for customers who prefer complete package pricing. A-1 serves the Kingman and surrounding areas of Arizona, including the Bullhead, Lake Havasu, Hackberry, Fort Rock, and Dolan Springs regions. Located in Kingman, Arizona |
| AbacUS Controls : |
| ABB Power Technologies: A rain barrel is a rainwater harvesting system that is connected to a down spout tube from a house or building. We make quality rain barrels that collect, store and divert rooftop runoff during a rain shower. |
| Abc Solar: |
| Able Solar Limited: provides home energy ratings, load calculations, passive solar design assistance, and other energy services. |
| Abri Sustainable Design & Consulting: Provider of design and manufacturing services for digitally controlled power equipment. Located in Somerville, New Jersey |
| Abs Alaskan Inc : ABB Power Technologies provides products, systems, and services for power transmission, distribution and automation. It serves electric, gas, and water utilities as well as industrial and commercial customers. |
| Absolute Solar Co: ABC Solar is a newly formed company founded to provide alternative power solutions and services along with wireless data communications. ABC Solar has a timely opportunity to take advantage of well-developed solar technology, the California energy crisis, power industry deregulation, and affordable wireless broadband technologies. Located in California, United States |
| Absolutely Energized Solar Electric: an Auckland, New Zealand-based, alternative power products supplier and retailer. / (added 09/2005) |
| Absorbers To Go Sun-Ray Solar: |
| Abundant Earth: Provides alternative and renewable energy information and products including solar power, wind energy, storage batteries, inverters, and accessories. Located in Fairbanks, Alaska |
| Abundant Renewable Energy: provides a wide selection of easy-to-select portable and prepackaged solar power systems for recreation, home and businesses. |
| Abwasser- Und Abfalltechnik Gmbh & Co (Aat): specializes in solar electric system design and installation in NJ, NY, PA, and DE. Located in New Jersey. |
| Ac Solar Inc: Established in 1978 as an innovative company, Sun Ray Solar has positioned itself to be the supplier of choice for those contractors and customers who demand the utmost reliability, performance and cost-effective solar heating systems. The core of our business is our unique roll formed solar collector absorber plate, the heat exchanger that transfers solar energy to fluid. Located in El Cajon, Florida |
| Accent Water And Energy Pty Ltd: Abundant Earth offers a wide variety of environmentally sensitive products and services for people who want to make a difference in the world. Located in Port Townsend, Washington |
| Acme Electric Solar Systems: the North American Distributor Of AWP Wind Generators. We also sell rebuilt Jacobs Generators and towers for all wind generators. Located in Newberg, Oregon |
| Acorn Water: |
| Acr Solar International: Solar, wind and sustainability specialists; natural building products; energy efficient appliances. |
| Acro Solar Lasers: Mirrored Fiberglass dishes track the sun on two axis, heat homes, pools, spas, air space, and domestic water. Now available in kits. Superior sun tracking computer for solar concentrators or PVs. Dealer of reflective mirror film with adhesive backing. Best BTU/$ |
| Acrymax Technologies Inc: Acme Electric is a licensed electrical contractor specializing in solar electric systems for homes and businesses in the San Francisco Bay Area. |
| Acs (Advancedcombustion Systems): With 20 years in the electrical industry, we bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the exciting new field of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic systems. Owner Bruce Gardiner has been installing PV systems for 11 years, both off-grid and on-grid. In the last two years we have completed more than 30 Grid-Tied PV systems totaling over 80kW of solar power. Located in Berkley, CA |
| Active Power: |
Renewable Energy Products & Services
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